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World Focus: Columbus Day, a "Hoax"? A Few Points Against Franz J.T. Lee
Saturday, October 09 @ 09:09:29 UTC
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 By RossWolfe
October 09, 2010
Around this time last year, Franz J.T. Lee went on a now somewhat commonplace tirade against the "racist" holiday, Christopher Columbus Day. While it might have acquired racist overtones in some perverse contexts, I hardly think that the celebration of the holiday is racist in itself. Also, to talk about the "discovery" of America (by Europe) is not outrageous. Certainly there were people living in the geographic territories we now call North and South America, and Columbus' finding out about the existence of these continents was not a discovery for humanity as such. Still, it was a significant discovery for the European powers, and a major world-historical event. Moreover, this laid the foundation for the possibility of global emancipation, even though it had disastrous consequences for the native populations of America.
For someone who claims to be so up on Marx and Marxism, Lee seems to forget that Marx and Engels themselves commonly spoke this way about Columbus. Engels even gave a lecture in 1847 called "The Discovery of America," in which he stated:
Citizens! When Christopher Columbus discovered America 350 years ago, he
certainly did not think that not only would the then existing society
in Europe together with its institutions be done away with through his
discovery, but that the foundation would be laid for the complete
liberation of all nations; and yet, it becomes more and more clear that
this is indeed the case. Through the discovery of America a new route by
sea to the East Indies was found, whereby the European business traffic
of the time was completely transformed; the consequence was that
Italian and German commerce were totally ruined and other countries came
to the fore; commerce came into the hands of the western countries, and
England thus came to the fore of the movement. Before the discovery of
America the countries even in Europe were still very much separated from
one another and trade was on the whole slight. Only after the new route
to the East Indies had been found and an extensive field had been
opened in America for exploitation by the Europeans engaged in commerce,
did. England begin more and more to concentrate trade and to take
possession of it, whereby the other European countries were more and
more compelled to join together. From all this, big commerce originated,
and the so-called world market was opened. The enormous treasures which
the Europeans brought from America, and the gains which trade in
general yielded, had as a consequence the ruin of the old aristocracy,
and so the bourgeoisie came into being. The discovery of America was
connected with the advent of machinery, and with that the struggle
became necessary which we are conducting today, the struggle of the
propertyless against the property owners.
This was not just a careless piece of juvenilia, either. He used the same exact language in his 1883 Dialectics of Nature, where he wrote:
When the
Arabs learned to distill alcohol, it never entered their heads that by so doing they were
creating one of the chief weapons for the annihilation of the original inhabitants of the
still undiscovered American continent. And when afterwards Columbus discovered America, he
did not know that by doing so he was giving new life to slavery, which in Europe had long ago
been done away with,
and laying the basis for the Negro slave traffic. The men who in the seventeenth and
eighteenth centuries labored to create the steam engine had no idea that they were preparing
the instrument which more than any other was to revolutionize social conditions throughout
the world.
As Engels points out, Columbus had no idea of the significance of his discovery (and yes, it was a major discovery for Europe). He had no idea it would result in the creation of the slave trade in Africa, or in the widespread destruction of indigenous populations. As a person he really can't be praised or blamed on either of these consequences. The holiday should probably not be viewed so much as the celebration of one man, for as Joseph Dietzgen (one of Marx's close friends, whom Lenin praised as a theoretician) put it, "had not Columbus made use of the accumulated means, ideas and
aspirations to undertake the discovery of America, some other sailor
would have done it; the talent and courage requisite for such a voyage
are by no means rare among sailors generally."
Instead, Columbus Day should be understood as the celebration of an event of world-historical importance.
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