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August 2002World NewsPosted: Saturday, August 31, 2002 • 24 die in plane crash in Brazil • Ten thousand protest outside World Summit • Deaths of 200 Talibs Confirmed • Delegates leave a mountain of waste • Gunmen Kill 3 People In Indonesia • 50 Feared Dead In India Boat Crash • Beating about the bush • 'I'm a world leader, get me out of here!' • Holding tight: U.S. and the new Shah of Pakistan • EU closes ranks as Blair avoids the issue • Chechen villagers flee new bloodshed • WTO backs EU against U.S. law • Talking dirty • Attacks of Afghani Mujahideen • War For W's Soul • Terrorism or simply war? • The Terror of Pre-Crime • Americans must do as we said in Afghanistan, not as we did • Road map to a war • The British Army's 1945-48 campaign in Palestine • A bigger agenda than merely "regime change" in Iraq • The Terror of Pre-Crime • Terrorism or simply war? • Iraq says it will be tougher than the Taleban • Saddam taunts Bush as support for US crumbles • We'll send Australians home in bags, says Iraq • Blair losing control of party over Iraq • US bows to pressure to expand peace-keeping beyond Kabul • Bush plays for time as war of words engulfs Washington • Iraq set to head off attack with offer of arms inspections • Arab states point to Israel as main source of regional instability • Is Hijack attempt linked to bin Laden? • Salafi conference organisers deny link to 'hijacker' • Blair's solidarity with Zimbabwe's White farmers • Summit disarray as EU officials walk out • Summit scoffs at US pitch on fixing global ills • New military chief hopes to be hammer of Indonesia's Aceh World News Posted: Friday, August 30, 2002 • A world of bullies • Musharraf Critical Of Attack On Iraq • Foolish Rationalizations for a Foolish War • Does Bush Really Know What To Do In Iraq? • Residents of summit city call for help • US presses Africa to take GM foods • Britain is 'failing to stand up to Bush' • Don't exaggerate the importance of 11 September • Chirac urges restraint over Iraq • Save the planet? It's rich vs. rich • Israeli forces killed 2 Palestinian youths • Israeli dart shells kill family of Palestinians • Bush may yet seek UN backing on Iraq • Germany at one in opposing Iraq attack • Blair losing influence over Iraq • Palestinian factions plot new course • Al-Qaida rich and ready to strike, says UN • Twin towers 'fixer' faces 3,000 counts of terrorism • Bush's war on terror doesn't add up • EU urged to resist US on world court • Sub proves US fired first at Pearl Harbor • Washington opens a winter window • US intervenes to stop war in the Caucasus • Britain readies evacuation plan in case slaughter begins • US wants to learn why it is unpopular • Saudi racehorse to be offered to US in goodwill gesture World News Posted: Thursday, August 29, 2002 • Four killed in Israeli shelling of Gaza Strip • Sleepy silence hides fury of Palestinians living under curfew • Bin Laden remains an ever-moving target • I'm with Dick. Let's make war! • Why America has turned to Winston Churchill • Pressure on Bush to back off • Bush to seek approval on Iraq war, aides say • Britain calls for deadline to be set for Saddam • Iraq attack unwise, says Saudi minister • Amid talk of war, only one thing is certain: fuel prices will rise • Baghdad warns US threats block diplomatic solution • In Baghdad streets, they're not quaking in their boots • Secret files on Baghdad's weapons plans • The dossier against a dictator • Why war should be America's last resort • Straw poised to step up pressure on Iraq • France shifting stance on Iraq • Below the Beltway: Neo-Cons vs. New York Times • Kidnapping rife in crippled Argentina • Poor countries seek redress over firms' damage World News Posted: Wednesday, August 28, 2002 • Turkey Joins List Of Iraq Skeptics • Khatami warns US against attack on Iran • Al-qaida Leaders Reportedly In Iran • 'A link between Saddam and bin Laden? No way' • World Leaders Urge U.S. Restraint • The President Is Reading a Book, I'm Afraid • U.S. Offers Zambia Food Safety Help • Russia Guards Confess To Murders of their comrades • Top Gop Senator Wants Iraq Hearings • Iraq takes reporters on tour of suspected chemical weapons site • World corruption index, from top to bottom • Why the frenzy? • Friend of the US, enemy of justice • Israeli tank fire kills four in Gaza • 6 family members killed in Alabama • US troops not welcome here, warn Pakistani tribal belt residents • Daggers drawn in the house of Bush • Banned Basque party clash with police • Bush's secret visa courts after Sept 11 ruled illegal • 'It's a way of life by which I feed the world' • Belgian minister quits in arms row • Blair faces defeat on Iraq • Attack on Iraq would create chaos in Middle East, Egypt cautions US • Belgium warns Blair over US relationship • Britain must reject Cheney's Iraq strategy • In case you thought it was safe to dismiss war against Iraq • Outlaw threatens to behead Indian political hostage • Australia's deficit blows out by $2 billion • Two men missing since September 11 found alive • We're not beating war drum: State department • After 17 years, DNA frees man who confessed to murder • Read my lips: it's time for war on Iraq - maybe • Chechens admit death of commander Chavez Frias invited to visit Trinidad & Tobago Posted: Wednesday, August 28, 2002 During a meeting between Venezuela's Foreign (MRE) Minister Roy Chaderton Matos and Trinidadian Prime Minister Patrick Manning, an invitation was extended to President Chavez Frias to visit its Caribbean neighbor. Chaderton Matos also met with Trinidad's President Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson to discuss bilateral relations and the strengthening of economic and commercial relations as well as cultural exchanges. MORE World News Posted: Tuesday, August 27, 2002 • Police storm Basque party headquarters • US court rules against secret deportation hearings • US warplanes hit radar site in northern Iraq • Code phrase gets retooled for Saddam • Iraq Defiant, Arabs Alarmed by New U.S. War Talk • Beijing praises US ban on Islamic 'terror' group • Iraq: The Lying Game • Populace Feels The Winds of War • Weapons of Mass Deception > How the Government Scares Us into War • No Posse Can Stop Them • Wimps on Iraq • Iraqi Official Dismisses Cheney's Remarks • Big Business Accused of Hijacking Earth Summit • The World Summit on Sustainable Hijackings • Summit row over big business plans • Cheney waves White House war banner • US city where you can be guilty until proven innocent • Cheney: Better attack Saddam sooner rather than later • We must destroy Palestinian threat, army chief says • Israel set on tragic path, says chief rabbi • Attack on Saddam cannot wait, says Cheney • Israeli army chief says Palestinian 'threat like a cancer' • Israel delays withdrawals for 6 weeks • Israeli defence chief stands by stalled withdrawal plan • Israeli forces accepts freeze on human shields - `neighbor practice' • Saudis oppose war on Iraq • Macedonia says Albanian gunmen seek to wreck vote • Mugabe's new economic and political war Cabinet • Britain criticises Bush for summit absence • America attacked for ICC tactics • Amid Internet failures, pornographers and spammers are thriving • Pandering to Big Steel • The Bush family's phony wars Lobsters, Caviar and Brandy at Summit on Starvation Posted: Tuesday, August 27, 2002  By Neil Syson, www.thesun.co.uk THE sickening champagne and caviar lifestyle being enjoyed by Earth Summit delegates was exposed yesterday. They are gorging on mountains of lobster, oysters and fillet steak at the Johannesburg conference — aimed at ending FAMINE. As the summit began yesterday, desperate kids in nearby shanty towns queued for water at standpipes. Bigwig politicians among the 60,000 delegates, including Deputy PM John Prescott, also get vintage bubbly and brandy. Taxpayers are footing the £500,000 bill for the 70-strong British party. Friends of the Earth called the extravagance "deplorable". The head chef of the swanky hotel hosting Earth Summit bigwigs described the mountains of posh food he is laying on for their pleasure. MORE... Humiliation for Powell at earth summit September 04, 2002, Guardian UK  Delegates jeer and unfurl a banner during US secretary of state Colin Powell's speech to the earth summit. Discord dominates world summit BBC August 30, 2002 Several campaign groups, including Greenpeace and Oxfam, have pulled out of negotiations, saying that agreements reached on aspects of trade and globalisation were watered down to such an extent they were practically worthless. "What we fear is that the World Trade Organisation agenda seems to be overriding the objectives of sustainable development," said Meena Raman of Third World Network. MORE Residents of summit city call for help by John Vidal, Guardian UK, August 30, 2002 Bertie Malasi, Ivy Nuvuno, Ethel Dyie, Agnes Ngwane and Johannes Madisha sit in the courtyard of the large community centre at the heart of Alexandra township. The five pensioners are well aware of the summit being held just a mile away from their homes. "Tell the leaders we are old and suffering," says Ivy. "Life is too bad. People have no houses. They live and die in their shacks". MORE Summit for nothing by Jennie Bristow, August 29, 2002, spiked-online.com Flicking across the internet in search of some intelligent commentary on the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) currently running in Johannesburg, I stumbled across a 'child's perspective', displayed on the homepage of the BBC News website. 'You can't stop poverty by drinking champagne' read the headline, above an article by an 11-year-old. MORE Small producers tell of their struggle to compete by John Vidal, August 28, 2002, Guardian UK Tell Samuel Togo that northern governments subsidise their farmers by £230bn a year and the small farmer from Sirar in the north of Tanzania looks askance. He earns a few hundred pounds a year, and all the west has done for him, he says, is to stop him exporting his crops, and to try to sell him new seeds that don't work very well, and fertilisers and pesticides that he becomes dependent on. MORE... What do we really want? by George Monbiot, August 27, 2002, Guardian.UK There is scarcely a discussion of climate change on the radio or television that does not involve a "climate sceptic" - someone who believes there is no problem. This would be unexceptionable if the media always promoted dissent: if, for example, someone was brought in to attack capitalism every time the economy was discussed. But the coverage the anti-environmentalists receive suggests that the dissent that reinforces an underlying orthodoxy is welcome while that which challenges it is not. Whatever the explanation may be, the airtime their views receive is out of all proportion to the scientific support they muster. MORE Big Business Accused of Hijacking Earth Summit by Alister Doyle, Reuters, August 27, 2002, via commondreams.org JOHANNESBURG - Activists accused big business on Tuesday of hijacking the Earth Summit from its goal of curbing poverty without damaging the planet. "The agenda has been taken over by the United States and the European Union in trade liberalization," she said, as activists complained about limited access to the main summit venue. Delegates from poor nations at the summit, which focused on environmentally friendly agriculture on Tuesday, say the United States is leading resistance to their calls for more aid and new timetables to meet goals of halving poverty and hunger by 2015. MORE... Rich World's Farm Subsidies Destroy Lives The billion-dollars-a-day subsidies that have turned farmers in the rich world into behemoths is helping to cripple their counterparts in developing countries, food experts warned at the Earth Summit. One of the fathers of the so-called Green Revolution, whose bounty has saved hundreds of millions of lives, M.S. Swaminathan, told delegates that the farming world was being dangerously polarized into two cultures. The first, in North America and Western Europe, was "largely one of agribusiness" with access to lavish subsidies, technology and capital; the other, in Asia, Africa and Latin America, was small-scale personal farms. MORE Main development from WTO talks is a fine line in hypocrisy by Kevin Watkins, Monday August 26, 2002, Guardian UK Last November, trade ministers from Europe and the United States experienced a rare consensus. In Doha, Qatar, they solemnly pledged to make the current bout of World Trade Organisation negotiations a "development round". The development of poor countries? Try again. This is a trade round geared towards the development of rich country self-interest and corporate profit - and it will reinforce a pattern of globalisation that is perpetuating mass poverty and extreme inequality. MORE... • The World Summit on sustainable development • Host Country Official Website • BBC's Newsround Website World News Posted: Monday, August 26, 2002 • Zimbabwe Under Siege • Lobsters, caviar and brandy for MPs at summit on starvation • Summit opens with call for action • Main development from WTO talks is a fine line in hypocrisy • Bush Aides Say Iraq Decision Is His • We the People, We the Warriors • Cheney States Case for Pre-Emptive Strike on Iraq • Qatar's foreign minister says his country opposes attack on Iraq • Kashmir violence takes mental toll • British War Cabinet • Outpost, U.N. facility in Afghanistan attacked • Dishonesty in the Hunt for Terrorists • What Is Israel Hiding? • Donald Rumsfeld Fount Of Bad Ideas • How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Iraq Attack • Gulf War II • US rift widens over Iraq • America 'reliant on Kabul's neighbours' • Taliban melt away before army sweep • US rebukes Russia for Pankisi raid • Return of the ugly American • Millions Behind Bars In U.S. • 'US following Zionist agenda' • US, UK jets kill eight in Iraq • Burundi army repels attack, kills 24 rebels • Iran rules out tacit support for United States strike on Iraq • Saudi envoy to deliver letter from Prince to Bush • Dubai Building Collapse Kills Seven • Bus Collision In Bangladesh Kills 11 • Republican warns against rush to war • ‘Disaster’ looms at Johannesburg talks • State department bodyguards step in to keep Afghan protégé alive • Medieval murder marks tragedy of Kosovo • Bush and father at odds over Iraq strike • Bush to woo Saudi envoy in meeting at ranch • Britain blames US for failing world's poor • Save the Earth, but what about the marijuana? • Worlds apart • Exiles recruited as US steps up war of words • Nuclear rivals hushed up bloody offensive • US must uncover truth buried in Afghanistan's mass graves • Bush team enlists Madison Avenue in war on terror • 'Whole Arab world' targeted by US threats: Syria World News Posted: Sunday, August 25, 2002 • Let's cancel this war • Zambia Rejects U.N. Food Appeal • Jeb Bush Rivals Face Uphill Battle • 1 Hurt in Blast at U.N. Afghan House • Russia Defends Ties With Iraq • Indian Woman Killed as India, Pakistan Trade Fire • One killed, two wounded in Nepal bomb blast • Indian dam leak forces 12,000 to flee • Philippine troops kill kidnap chief and free 2 hostages • Canadian Farmers Devastated by Prairie Drought • Eight killed in Kashmir as US envoy flies in • Palestinian Militia Executes Woman • 9 Die In Moscow Building Collapse • Blair's eco record under fire • Hawks in the dovecote • Time's running out for giant that thinks the web is TV • Defiant Baghdad in diplomatic offensive • Killer tomatoes strike at Disney • How Russian troops arm their enemy • Israel steps up attacks, scraps pullout deal • 'America's Army' Targets Youth • Best justice for crimes against humanity • Republican 'criticism' no war-stopper • Letter to a Pilot • Democracy as Afterthought • A Bit Too Much Texas Swagger Genetically modified food aid Posted: Saturday, August 24, 2002 Farm Group Says USDA Put Bad Corn Into Feed Chain January 24, 2002 DES MOINES, Iowa (Reuters) - Iowa farmers and an environmental group on Thursday charged the U.S. government with selling a problem supply of genetically engineered corn to a feed company despite complaints that the corn had caused hormonal problems in pigs. The Iowa Farmers Union (IFU) and Friends of the Earth sent a letter on Thursday to U.S. Department of Agriculture Secretary Ann Veneman, asking the USDA to bar use of the corn in human or animal food "as long as the cause of reproductive failure in swine is unresolved." MORE FDA Policies for Gene-Altered Foods Faulted in Report by Justin Gillis, Washington Post Excessive levels of harmful compounds could show up in genetically engineered foods because the government has failed to put strong safeguards in place to catch them, a consumer group says in a report scheduled for release today. The Center for Science in the Public Interest (CSPI), a Washington group known for a moderate stance on the use of genetic engineering to alter food plants, contends that the Food and Drug Administration, the primary federal agency responsible for food safety, missed "obvious errors" in reviewing some gene-altered crops. Although crops now on the market appear to be safe to eat, the group said the FDA's procedures are so full of holes that continued safety cannot be ensured as companies press to bring many more genetically engineered plants to market. MORE India rejects food aid over GM content January 03, 2003 By Edward Luce in New Delhi, Financial Times India has rejected a large shipment of food aid from the United States because it contained genetically modified food, the Financial Times has learned. The shipment of maize and soya - part of the US government's annual $100m in food aid to parts of India that suffer from chronic malnutrition - is thought to have contained bio-engineered content, say Indian officials. MORE UK: GM crops are breeding with plants in the wild December 29, 2002 : Independent/UK By Geoffrey Lean Alarming new results from official trials of GM crops are severely jeopardising Government plans for growing them commercially in Britain. The results, in a new Government report, show – for the first time in Britain – that genes from GM crops are interbreeding on a large scale with conventional ones, and also with weeds. The report is so devastating to the Government's case for GM crops that ministers last week sought to bury it by slipping the first information on it out on the website of the Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) on Christmas Eve, the one day in the year when no newspapers are being prepared. MORE Alarm as GM pig vaccine taints US crops Strict new guidelines planned after contamination Suzanne Goldenberg in Washington December 24, 2002, The Guardian US authorities, shaken by a case in which food crops were contaminated with an experimental pig vaccine, are preparing to impose stringent guidelines on a new generation of experimental GM crops. The department of agriculture and the environmental protection agency are encountering growing disquiet from a coalition of farmers and food manufacturers about the potential dangers of the next phase of GM products - "biopharming", or the implanting of genes in food crops to grow drugs and industrial chemicals. MORE US calls food aid refusal a crime against humanity Dec. 05, 2002 BRUSSELS, Dec 5 (Reuters) - African leaders who refuse to accept food aid due to fears of genetically modified products are committing crimes against humanity and should be put on trial, a senior U.S. official said on Thursday. He said Europe, which has effectively banned the development and import of new genetically modified crops, should do more to help millions of people facing famine in southern Africa and reassure them over the safety of such crops. "People that deny food to their people, that are in fact starving people to death should be held responsible...for the highest crimes against humanity in the highest courts in the world," Tony Hall, U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations food agencies, told reporters. His words were principally directed at Zambia, which has banned GM food, and to some extent Zimbabwe, where he said red tape was delaying food shipments although it had in principle accepted aid. MORE Gene-altered grain mishaps spark fears of contamination Corn, soybeans in two U.S. states ordered destroyed Texas firm takes responsibility for farm incidents - Nov. 18, 2002 by Justin Gillis Special to the Star WASHINGTON - The chief executive of ProdiGene Inc., the company that mishandled gene-altered corn in Iowa and Nebraska, said his scientists will carefully study the possibility of growing such corn only in parts of the country where it could not contaminate the food supply. That pledge by Anthony Laos, president and chief executive of the College Station, Texas, company, was a break from ProdiGene's past statements claiming that corn altered to make industrial or pharmaceutical proteins could be a boon for family farmers throughout the midwestern Corn Belt. MORE Drought : Lessons from America September 2002, by Devinder Sharma There isn't a time when an educated Indian doesn't search for answers from 'America - the dream land' for the problems that crop up time and again at home. Whether in preventing hunger, promoting sustainable agriculture, kick-starting industrial growth, food habits, music, or adopting successful models of economic growth, India must follow the Americans. No wonder, the intelligentsia, the economists and the scientists are always desperate for opportunities to travel and return with a bag full of answers to our multitude of problems. The solutions to India's raging drought - some call it the worst in recent memory - which haunts and ravages 12 states, too rest in the way America has managed its crop lands. After all, the United States has put together a drought-mitigation strategy, which has been touted as something that India needs to follow immediately. With hi-tech transformation, American agriculture, we all believe, has become insulated from the vagaries of drought. They apply laser, information technology and huge machines to farm cropland. They use satellite data, electronics and now genetic engineering for what is popularly called 'precision farming'. MORE The Year of Playing Dangerously The Great Containment: Genetic Material Fallout from Mexico to Zambia Oct. 26, 2002, by HOPE SHAND AND SILVIA RIBEIRO Thirteen months ago, the agbiotech industry wakened to a nightmare. Illegal and unwelcome, the presence of genetically-modified (GM) maize was reported smack in the crop's center of genetic origin in Mexico. There's never a good time for a political/ecological calamity, but the beleaguered Gene Giants were already struggling to persuade consumers, following the Taco Debacle (Starlink), that companies could control their inventions and their inventory. The seed companies were also hoping to arm-twist EU ministers into lifting the ban on GM products in Europe. Suddenly, the headlines were full of the contamination scandal. To make matters worse, the year ahead was shaping up to be the Year of the Summits--a succession of diplomatic poverty, hunger, and pollution "retros" including the Monterrey Summit on development financing in March; the 10th anniversary of the Biodiversity Convention in April; another World Food Summit (once more with feeling) in June-- all boiling up t! o the "mother of all summits" (World Summit on Sustainable Development) in South Africa in September. For the corporations (and the United States so aggressively supporting them) the issue was: how to run the gauntlet of intergovernmental marathons with GM contamination on their backs? Thirteen months later, the issue for governments, international agencies, and civil society is: how did the Gene Giants duck and dodge their way through all these fora and end the year with Southern African governments--half a world away from the "scene of the crime"--being blamed and vilified for rejecting GM seeds? MORE Row grows over GM food aid for Africa By Leonard Doyle, Independent UK, Oct. 19, 2002 A United Nations human rights envoy has been accused of endangering efforts to save 14 million people from starvation after he questioned the safety of genetically modified food destined for southern Africa. Jean Ziegler, a UN special investigator for food, claimed that big corporations had more to gain from the use of GM food in the developing world than the poor countries that were trying to fight starvation. "I'm against the theory of the multinational corporations who say if you are against hunger you must be for genetically modified organisms. That's wrong," Mr Ziegler said this week. "There is plenty of natural, normal, good food in the world to nourish the double of humanity." Mr Ziegler's role is to report on the world food situation to the UN Human Rights Commission in Geneva and the UN General Assembly in New York. But his remarks have caused outrage in the international aid community, which is struggling to feed millions of hungry people in six southern African countries. Lesotho, Malawi, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe and Mozambique are all affected by spreading famine. Several countries, including Zimbabwe, initially rejected GM food aid but in the face of a pending calamity have reluctantly begun to distribute it. However, in Zambia, where people are now dying of hunger and from eating poisonous wild roots, the government has refused to allow GM food aid from Canada and the United States to be distributed. MORE... Genetically Engineered Seeds Self-Destruct by Pianke Nubiyang GENETICALLY ENGINEERED SEEDS SELF-DESTRUCT AFTER ONE PLANTING, FORCING FARMERS IN "THIRD WORLD" NATIONS TO CONTINUALLY DEPEND ON FOREIGN COMPANIES FOR THEIR SEEDS. One may not believe their eyes after reading this (AFRICANS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA, TROPICAL AFRICA, INDIA, THE WORLD, LISTEN GOOD). According to the September issue of Scientific American Magazine, seed companies and their scientists are now thinking about developing genetically engineered seeds, from natural foods found in the tropics. These seeds will only be capable of producing foods ONCE, and the genetic engineers will have the power to sell more seeds, while the local seeds would become contaminated and local farmers would have to depend on foreign companies for their seeds. In California, there is about 11 months of dry weather. In fact much of California is in the high mountains or desert regions, some of it is near the coasts or the far north. Yet, most of California's best land is in regions that were dry lake beds or deserts that are sometimes identical in looks to parts of West Africa Sahel and the regions of Sudan and Southern Africa. In fact after Texas, California has the type of hot climate (110-125 degrees F, that one finds in parts of Africa), yet because of good and efficient irrigation, California's billion-dollar industry is agricultural produce. (hear this African leaders...West Indians others...its agriculture) Therefore, the idea of taking African seeds and having foreign scientists genetically engineer seeds to produce only once is really committing genocide. How can any nation on earth agree to this scheme of destruction and dependence? Here is the scheme again. Seed producing companies and scientists are planning to create genetically engineered seeds that will produce crops only once. After that, nations will have to depend on the seed companies to create more seeds, because the crop seeds will not be of any use. AFRICANS/OTHERS AROUND THE WORLD MUST UNITE IN STOPPING THE DESTRUCTION OF CROP YIELDS AND PLANT LIFE In stead of creating seeds that self-destruct after one planting, so that farmers will be held like slaves to the producers of seeds that originated in tropical lands, farmers around the world should unite and work to stop the attempt to control the production of food by a few people. Let's get farmers and Ministers of Agriculture from Africa, the Caribbean, China, Europe, America, Australia and other lands to unite on this issue. Farmers are the people who keep the world alive. If there were no farming, civilization would not exist. Farmers, especially Black farmers in the U.S., some White family farmers in the U.S. and Europe, farmers of China, Japan, India, Africa, the Caribbean and around the world are a breed of people who make great sacrifices, and many of us have seen what they have to go through on the news or read it in the paper. Imagine being a farmer in Trinidad and Jamaica, St. Lucia or Haiti and planting a crop, tending it and watching it get near harvest, only to have a hurricane wipe it out. That is heart breaking. Imagine you are a farmer in Europe and floods destroy all your livestock and crops. Imagine a farmer in China having to cut down because its not attracting people, who prefer to move in the cities. Imagine a Midwestern U.S. farmer selling his equipment due to being broke. Imagine peasant farmers in parts of Southern Africa having no land and have to work on the farm of foreigners like semi-slaves for a few dollars, while a few people control the entire system of agriculture. FARMERS AND GOVERNMENTS SHOULD BE AWARE AND PREPARED Farmers and governments in Africa, the Caribbean, Asia, Latin America and elsewhere should be very careful about the trickery of selling their national heritage in the form of seeds, so that companies can control the food supply of the entire world and hold the rest of humanity hostage with their scheme to genetically modify seeds and crops. UK Report Casts Doubt on North American GM Crops Published on Wednesday, September 18, 2002 by Reuters by Veronica Brown LONDON, Sept 17 - Genetically modified crops in North America have been an economic disaster, which has caused some farm groups there to call for a moratorium on GM wheat, the next proposed crop to be altered, a report released on Tuesday said. The study by the Soil Association, Britain's leading organic organization, estimated that gene-altered maize, soya and rapeseed may have cost the U.S. economy $12 billion since 1999 in farm subsidies, lower crop prices, loss of major export orders and product recalls. Scientists have said that the advent of such crops could be the answer to world hunger, but the report said claims of increased yields have not been realized overall -- except for a small increase in some maize yields. MORE Zimbabwe says No to GM food aid September 2, 2002 From Wisdom Mdzungairi in JOHANESSBURG ZIMBABWE will not accept food aid containing genetically modified organisms, Lands, Agriculture and Rural Resettlement Minister Cde Joseph Made said here yesterday. MORE Zambia must take GM crops or starve The United States, which grows genetically modified, or GM crops, provides 75 percent of the food WFP distributes to southern Africa. The Zambian government says it is concerned about the safety of biotech food, and is afraid that GM grains might be planted, thus contaminating its food crop. Donors are exaggerating food crisis www.zamnet.zm - PRESIDENT Levy Mwanawasa has saild Government's rejection of Genetically Modified maize does not warrant a smear campaign from some donors who are now exaggerating the extent of hunger in the country. Mr Mwanawasa said contrary to assertions by some donors, it was not true that 2 million Zambians face starvation now that Government had rejected the GM maize. Speaking in Sinazongwe at the start of his tour of Southern Province yesterday, the President warned that Government may be forced to give matching orders to such donors if reports that 2 million Zambians may die of starvation persist. "If these people think we have committed a sin to reject the GMOs, then they should go before we give them matching orders," the President said when he addressed Sinazongwe residents yesterday. Mr Mwanawasa said if the donors had information that some people in areas they know were dying of hunger, they should go to his office where upon he would give them relief food. "If these people know who is starving because of lack of food, let them come to me and say so and so is starving. We will give them relief food to give those people," Mr Mwanawasa said. The President said the government's decision to reject the GMOs did not mean that the country undermined the people who offered her food. He said the decision was made in the interest of the public and he did not have any regrets for taking such a stance. Mr Mwanawasa stated that no one would die of hunger for as long as the MMD government remained in office. Mr Mwanawasa underscored Government's decision to provide for the hungry when he announced that 100 metric tonnes of maize had been supplied to Sinazongwe while 150 tonnes were destined for Choma. The President wondered how else the country could have accepted GMOs when in fact these foods had been rejected in Europe. "If Europe has rejected the GMOs why should we accept them just because we are poor," Mr Mwanawasa asked. Mr Mwanawasa said if Zambia produced GMOs, Europe would have been the first to reject the items. He said Zambia should be proud that her agriculture products were accepted in Europe because they were not genetically modified. Mr Mwanawasa urged the people of Sinazongwe to work hard and ensure there was food throughout the year to feed themselves. He said it was a shame that despite having been independent for the past 37 years, Zambia depended on food imports. Mr Mwanawasa said the winter maize project going on in the area should be supported because it would create employment and ensure food security. He warned the people not to steal the produce from Agriflora because doing so would frustrate investors who may end up leaving the area. Mr Mwanawasa said he was impressed with the performance of the winter maize project in Sinazongwe. And KELVIN CHONGO reports that Agriflora general manager Niel Sledge said their farm was making K400 million per day in agricultural products exported to European markets representing sales of K12 billion per month. Mr Sledge said the company supported the government's efforts and policy on agriculture. Speaking when he took President Mwanawasa on a conducted tour of the farm, Mr Sledge said the farm has employed 7,000 workers and at full scale can produce 20,000 metric tonnes of winter maize and a similar quantity of rain-fed maize. He said from the current winter maize grown, his company would produce 800 metric tonnes of maize. Agriculture and Cooperatives Minister Mundia Sikatana said he was happy with the project because it had also guaranteed employment throughout the year to the villagers. U.S. Offers Zambia Food Safety Help Wednesday August 28, 2002, Guardian UK LUSAKA, Zambia (AP) - The United States offered Wednesday to help Zambia assess the safety of genetically modified grain, after the Southern African nation rejected donations despite an impending food crisis. Washington has offered to help Zambia set up its own biotechnology plant so scientists can research genetically modified foods, said Andrew Natsios, the director of the U.S. Agency for International Development. The United States will also provide Zambia data collected by its own scientists, he said. Natsios made the offer at a meeting with Zambian president Levy Mwanawasa, during a two-day visit to Zambia. Natsios told reporters shortly before his departure that the United States had also offered to help Zambian scientists travel to the United States to review the safety of the corn produced there. He maintained that genetically modified food is safe, saying Americans eat it every day. MORE Zambia Rejects U.N. Appeal August 25, 2002 RaceandHistory Message Board NGOs pursue agenda of Western governments Bush baits Brussels over GM crops August 25, 2002 The US government is to launch a trade war over GM crops in an attempt to force the European Union to back down in its tough stance against GM. Will GM crops deliver benefits to farmers? African nations ban biofood aid despite famine San Francisco Chronicle - (Aug 23, 2002) Hungry nations balk at gene-altered food Boston Globe - (Aug 23, 2002) Panel Urges Caution on Cloned, Engineered Food Reuters - (Aug 21, 2002) Better rice, less global warming BBC - (Aug 20, 2002) GM crop trials spread pollen The Guardian (UK). - (Aug 19, 2002) Zambia Rejects U.S. Genetic Corn Associated Press - (Aug 17, 2002) Zambia turns down GM aid BBC - (Aug 17, 2002) Zambia to Refuse Modified Food Aid, Diplomat Says Reuters - (Aug 16, 2002) Genetically Modified Seed Found Associated Press - (Aug 15, 2002) Unauthorized genetically modified seed found in crop trials Associated Press - (Aug 15, 2002) Scientists shocked at GM gene transfer The Guardian (UK). - (Aug 15, 2002) Biotech firms didn't isolate GM crops properly: U.S. agency CBC - (Aug 14, 2002) EPA accuses two biotech companies of failing to properly isolate genetically modified crops Associated Press - (Aug 14, 2002) Ore. Measure Aims at Modified Foods Associated Press - (Aug 12, 2002) # Credits : www.zamnet.zm, www.herald.co.zw, http://community.webtv.net/nubianem Compiled by: Trinicenter Staff World News Posted: Saturday, August 24, 2002 • Will Egypt deny U.S. access to Suez? • Bush baits Brussels over GM crops • Venezuelans March To Support Chavez • Earthquake Rocks Egyptian Capital • Gen. Zinni Says War With Iraq Is Unwise • The nukes Iraq never had • One Palestinian Killed, Six Wounded in West Bank Clashes • FBI Probe Seeks Senators' Records • New from McDonald's: the McAfrika burger • Condemned to beating about the Bush • Attackers Kill Sheperds In Kashmir • WFP: Zambia Must Accept Biotech Food • Protesters defy government clampdown • It is not my job to provide the evidence for a war crimes trial • The squashing of U.S. dissenters • The FBI abuses trust • 2 Palestinians killed in attack on Israeli post • Three mouners at graveside funeral killed by lightning • Iraqi exiles recruit rebel force in London • CNN video shows al-Qaeda terrorists training in Burma • UK Racist violence returns to streets • Tory plan to use aid as weapon to topple Mugabe • Police tackle war protesters after Bush dinner is disrupted • Pro-Eta party faces ban for alleged links to terrorism • Resigned to beating about the Bush • Pakistan's air raid claim rachets up tension in Kashmir • Pakistan and India argue over claims of air strike • Americans losing faith in Bush on Iraq • Monitors confirm Russian attack on Georgia • First payments made to September 11 relatives World News Posted: Friday, August 23, 2002 • Floods Swamp Towns In Central China • Pakistani Rejects U.S. Criticism • Stocks close 180 points lower • Zimbabwe's Mugabe Dissolves Cabinet • Hyperlink patent case fails to click • Israelis Brace For Fallout Of Attack by U.S. on Iraq • Secret Court Says F.B.I. Aides Misled Judges in 75 Cases • U.S. soldiers exchange fire with allied Afghan troops • Pakistani Tribesmen Hid Hundreds of Al Qaeda • Who poses the greater danger to our liberty? • US public support for toppling Saddam slips • 12 people killed in bus explosion • A guessing game • Trying times for Egypt-US ties • Should the Arabs resign themselves to a US strike on Iraq? • Early Elections Likely In Trinidad • Police Pepper Spray Bush Protesters • Bush administration ratchets up rhetoric against Iraqi president • Iraq ready to restore ties with S Arabia • UN failed to disarm two warring Afghan factions • US warns of 'cyberwar' threat to security • Al-Qaida running new terror camp, say Kurds • Straw remarks point to divisions on Iraq • Britain tightens arms exports to Israel • 8 Die In Russia Gas Leak Explosion • Bush vows to halt forest fires by cutting trees • Wildfires allow Bush to ease curbs on logging • The ultimate sacrifice • Britain tightens arms exports to Israel • Will Saddam let Bush back down from war on Iraq? • Blair faces conference attack over Iraq war • 'Toxic Texan' has poor green record • Not an isolated case, but a symbol of a segregated society • No talks until terror stops, India says • Rumsfeld cautions Russia on Iraq trade • U.S. calls for democracy in Pakistan • Why democracy for Iraqis and not for Egyptians? • Rape claim nun sues church for protecting priest • Wag the puppy • Top US general attacks hawks' strategy on Iraq • UN Fails to Disarm Warring Afghan Factions • 18 killed in Kashmir • Fresh amendments another blow to Pakistan democracy • More than 75 missing after India dam burst • US seems to value Nigeria's oil more than its women World News Posted: Thursday, August 22, 2002 • Coke 're-paints' Himalayas yellow • Special court rejects Ashcroft rules • Bush: Musharraf 'Still Tight With Us' • Nepal tourist plane crash kills all 18 on board • At least 128 feared dead in disaster-battered Nepal • South Africa denies anti-Mugabe plan • Two of six kidnap victims beheaded in south Philippines • Zimbabwe, White farmers begin exodus • On Animal Abuse, Al-Qaeda's Got Nothin' on the US Military • US admits plan to bring down Mugabe • Musharraf assumes near total authority • Allies and atrocities • Share the Iraq evidence • Bush stonewalls on Iraq 'frenzy' • Mideast investors turn sour on U.S. holdings • Ex-diplomat warns Blair over attack on Iraq • The cost of Bush's war • Bus Bomb Kills 5 Police In India • Rebels Kill Two Jehovah's Witnesses • A vision of dystopia • Gadafy - human rights crusader • Russian MP shot dead in 'contract killing' • Why Bush will not attend summit • Pro-Palestinian congresswoman ousted • U.N. Report Says Racism On The Rise • Case for war could be boosted from alleged Qaeda haven in Iraq • An ugly war on the edge of Europe • 24 vacationers kidnapped in Colombia • Bush snubs doves and says Saddam must go • Artificial Intelligence? World News Posted: Wednesday, August 21, 2002 • Rwanda genocide suspect pleads innocence • Rwanda: How the genocide happened • Scientists Call for Protection of Indigenous Knowledge • US Declassifies Documents from Argentina's "Dirty War" • Chinese Lake Near Edge, Nepal Landslide Kills 60 • Attack Saddam now and let history judge, says Rumsfeld • Is George Bush I worried about George Bush II? • City of extremes spruces up to play host to earth summit • I'm good, I'm tempting. But I leave a bad taste in the mouth • War game was fixed to ensure American victory • Don't trust Bush or Blair on Iraq • Texas Executes Convicted Killer • Despite the war talk, Bush is unlikely to attack Iraq • Priest Indicted On Sodomy Charges • Rare parrot rediscovered in Colombia after 91 years • AOL Time Warner agrees $9bn deal with AT&T • Networks paid for videos • The message to Cairo • Israeli commandos kill brother of imprisoned Palestinian leader • Millions at risk from lake threatening to overflow in China • Bounced at the door ... • Russians face bloodiest day of Chechen war • $30 oil price looms with talk of war • Diplomatic outrage over mischievous menus • Rumsfeld steps up Iraq war talk • Al Qaeda Presence In Iraq Reported > Soon they will say that Saddam is a registered Al Qaeda member • US-Seoul military drill may hurt reconciliation World News Posted: Tuesday, August 20, 2002 • Venezuela's Chavez Mulling Constitutional Reforms • Iraqi rebels take hostages at Berlin embassy • Canada unlikely to join possible U.S. invasion of Iraq • Tripura separatists kill 20 Indian soldiers • Saudis withdraw billions of dollars from US • US slashes Iraqi oil imports • War fears help push oil above $30 a barrel • Indian army 'kills' suspected militants in Kashmir • Bush Condemns Berlin Hostage Takers • Bush backing down on Iraq attack • Rumsfeld Says Criticism Won't Determine Policy on Iraq • Troubled Monsanto scales down GM hopes in Europe • Chicken hawks • Call for release of 'low-level' Guantanamo inmates • Corporate capture • Gun for hire who has already died at least twice • Pentagon weapons deployment in Gulf steps up pressure • The hypocrisy and guilt of the media • Bush sides with oppressors on women's rights abroad • Bear drags baby out of stroller • Iraq debate emerges as an election wild card • The Bush team isn't coping • Just what is the big war all about? • Police shocked as commuters watch rape in suburban train • Australian P.M.tones down anti-Iraq rhetoric • Eight Afghans killed in tribal feud • Circle of suspicion • Saudi threat to withdraw billions in US investments Media bias on the Zimbabwe Crisis Posted: Monday, August 19, 2002 by Ayinde, Trinicenter Staff The BBC, Guardian UK, Independent UK, Daily Telegraph UK and most news feeds are all misinforming the public about the Zimbabwe land affair. They choose to feature or highlight articles that sympathize with the White farmers that are crammed with lies. They all claim that the shortage of food in Zimbabwe is due to the farm seizures, however this is not the entire story. Many regions in Africa are presently experiencing a drought and that is responsible for low food production. Most of the White farmers in Zimbabwe grew tobacco while peasant farmers grow about 70% of the maize used in Zimbabwe. ( Famine in southern Africa Guardian UK ) The shortage of food is directly related to the drought and trade restrictions imposed by Britain and the U.S. It should be noted that these farms are being seized and turned over in time to get the new farmers ready for the next crop season. Another fact usually left out is that most of the farm workers were from Malawi or Mozambique and they received an average of about US$25 a month, furthermore living conditions on the farms were awfully poor. These Malawian and Mozambican laborers were heavily dependent on their White employers, relying on them for 'free' or heavily subsidized housing and 'health care', as well as 'education' for their children. This is the modern day slavery that these White farmers wickedly benefited from. Most of the food problems in Africa are directly related to the colonial policy of seizing the most fertile lands in Africa to produce food for Europe. Africans were to supply cheap labour. In many cases indigenous Africans who usually grew their own food were forced unto the worst lands and as such they became dependant of food imports. Whether we like Mugabe or not has nothing to do with the fact that the frontline media reports fail to give the readers the true picture. Here are three other articles that give a better picture of the situation: Zimbabwe Under Siege - by Gregory Elich For a case study on the politics and economics behind 'sustainability,' one needs look no further than Zimbabwe. Gregory Elich presents an excellent and comprehensive review of the history of Zimbabwe and its ongoing land reform struggles in the face of drought, starvation and economic disaster perpetuated by Western intervention and demands. Elich's work is particularly timely as Great Britain and the U.S. are considering making the sanctions against Zimbabwe more severe and will be working very hard at the Earth Summit to force African states to also impose sanctions. MORE... Farm workers caught in the middle -BBC (Not featured on BBC's front pages) Zimbabwe: War on the Peasantry by George Monbiot Visit: http://www.raceandhistory.com/Zimbabwe/ World News Posted: Monday, August 19, 2002 • Russian Copter Crashes, Kills 85 • Indonesia gives ultimatum to Aceh rebels • US thinktanks give lessons in foreign policy • Raising the sovereignty stakes • The Plutocracy Of Lust, Greed And Glory • U.S. cancels new aid to Egypt • To Whack Iraq Or Not? • U.N. Cuts Rations as Food Aid Runs Out • UN evidence of Taliban massacre • Scores of Zimbabwean farmers arrested for defying eviction • US helped as Saddam plotted chemical attacks • US 'backed Saddam's use of chemical war on Iran' • War rhetoric 'wilI make Iraq refuse arms inspectors' • U.S. aided Iraq in '80s despite gas use • Cabinet makers • Chavez: Court Ruling Is 'Absurd' • British soldiers die in Kabul shoot-out after row • Under a veil of deceit • In gauging Africa's woe, numbers don't add up • U.S. has found no Qaeda leaders among captives at Guantanamo • The Iraq debate warms up • Right and wrong ways to wage war • Nine die in 'drug-link execution' • Iraq war to carry a high tab • General tells Bush: Don't go it alone • Newsweek Reveals Mass Graves: Afghans Asphyxiated • Reason defies the desire to bomb Iraq • The burden of being a superpower • Woman set on fire while giving birth • Bush Aide Plays Down Significance of Russia-Iraq Deal • Bodies of Climbers in Tibet World News Posted: Sunday, August 18, 2002 • Bus crashes leave 82 dead in 3 countries • Hunt for missing girls ends in tragedy • Communist Rebels Threaten Americans • Bahrain Opposes U.S. Attack On Iraq • Tank Kills Refugee Child, 5 • Russia and China weigh increased U.S. presence in Central Asia • What if war is terror? • Afghans Asphyxiated Hundreds of Taliban Prisoners En Route to Jail • Chief UN Arms Inspector Slams Bush War Talk • Invasion Talk Won't Get Inspectors Into Iraq • Bush In 'Mother Of Follies' Warning • U.S. Muslim leaders say Bush shuns them • US gave Iraq intelligence aid • Blair's Earth Summit plea to Bush • Rally for slavery compensation • The Iraq Debate Continues • Israeli plan to abduct Arafat • Asian flood toll climbs • Forgotten by the U.N. • Russia, Iraq may OK US$40b deal • Deadly Minuet • If We Must Fight . . . • Saddam must be hit now, Bush told • The drowning of Europe • Back us against Saddam or else, US tells Arab states • U.S. willing to push for weapons inspectors in Iraq • Cook to force showdown with Blair over Iraq • Troops shot and killed in Kabul • Blair's Earth Summit plea to Bush • A lonely voice of New York dissent • Bush under attack as UK rebuffs Iraq • Elbe River Flood Eases In Dresden • Oil and war World News Posted: Saturday, August 17, 2002 • Spare us the horrors of a dishonest war • It's US against them • Officers defend 'human shield' practice • Republicans break ranks over Bush's Iraq policy • Warning shots on Iraq • Israel puts pressure on US to strike Iraq • Flood summit called as toll rises • Zimbabwe farmers in court for refusing to leave land • A new level of war-mongering • Bush snubs earth summit • Kissinger joins protests at Bush plan to attack Iraq • Shattered dreams on island Shangri-la • US warns former Nicaragua leader over corruption • Dams Burst In Mexico, Killing 11 • Bush Continues Iraq Consultations • Be very afraid - Bush Productions is preparing to go into action • Israelis destroy houses of militants • US 'keeping Britain in dark over Iraq attack' • FBI chief who upset Bush 'retires' • Detainees' rights • Over the top • America's image problem carries grave risks • Rights, not might, will hold back terrorism • British Cabinet members at odds over involvement Iraqi attack • Bush family advisers at war over Iraq • UN to blame for Timor atrocities • Elvis, you ain't nuthin' but a thief • Disunity and factionalism World News Posted: Friday, August 16, 2002 • Mugabe Assures Whites That They Won't Be Left Landless • Iraq says Britons must observe arms inspections • Israel Urges U.S. to Attack Iraq • How to Destroy America in One Easy Lesson • Sleepwalking & Silent • Arming India isn't route to peace • In Search of a War Rationale • Daddy, what's a war? • At Least 29 Die In India Bus Crash • Israeli army using Palestinian civilians as human shields • Arafat loyalists fight hardliners linked to al-Qa'ida • US Troop Presence In Afghanistan To Last Years • Taliban: Bin Laden ordered Afghan assassination • US adviser warns of Armageddon • Israel army accused of new killing • Egypt hits at US over 'sham trial' • Sixty percent Palestinians would vote for Arafat • US slammed for refusing Kyoto Treaty • 50 injured in Bangladesh strike violence • Bush hailed for staying out of UN Earth Summit • Greens don't need the US • Ignoring Saddam not an option, says Rice • Bosnian mass grave exhumations begin • Video on germ warfare during Korean War found • WWII survivors fear return to warpath • Massive claim for 11 September attacks • Families of twin towers victims sue 'al-Qa'ida backers' • Ailing Saudi king on £4m a day vacation • 'Mastermind' of Rwanda genocide sent for trial • Crackdown on defiance: six Zimbabwe farmers arrested • Iraq risks nuclear hit from Israelis • Jacksons discover the music's well and truly dead Counting on Stupidity Posted: Friday, August 16, 2002 by Bridget Gibson First it was Jeffrey Skilling, former CEO of Enron, who testified before a Congressional Hearing that he was just mentality inept and could not understand how Enron operated, then last week Bernie Ebbers, former CEO of WorldCom stated that he was "too stupid to know what my company's doing." There are others that have decided not to tell anything about what or when they knew things were not as they should be or even appeared to be. MORE World News Posted: Thursday, August 15, 2002 • U.S. letter to Arab leaders: 'There will be no turning back' • Workers had time to spread anthrax • Coalition planes strike Iraqi air defenses • Politicians Use 9-11 to Justify Pork Spending • High Hopes for Afghan Army Fade • Citizens Have Legal Rights No Matter What Bush Says • The Propaganda War • Train kills 6 pilgrims walking on tracks • Floods surge through Germany • 200,000 Czechs flee flood-hit homes • Floods Leave 98 Dead Across Europe • Asia Floodwaters Kill Nearly 900 • Bush defies belief • Iranian leader lashes out at US • Kurdish leader offers to help US with Iraq invasion • Guerilla war in Afghanistan is flaring up • He wasn't my king • 'I never asked for power' • East Timor governor gets 3 years • Israeli rockets kill Hamas leader • Mandela to observe Fatah leader's trial • Washington sets sights on Iran, Saudi Arabia • Terror trial may put Israel in the dock • E-dealmaker raises alarm by quitting AOL • Texas Executes Man Despite Pleas • Mexico Leader Cancels Trip To Texas • Nigeria Leader Says He Won't Resign • Bacardi accused of campaign to oust Castro • Nursing leader quits after race remark • Bush may get UN support for his war • US firms fail credibility test • Bush devotes 80 minutes to fixing the economy • Dissidents 'injure' Saddam's son in Baghdad shooting • A dirty war in Afghanistan • His options limited, Bush turns to images • The confidence game • Labour MPs will revolt over Iraq World News Posted: Wednesday, August 14, 2002 • Cigarette makers pressured pharmaceuticals to end Nicorette ads • Tide of misery floods Europe • Israeli court stops expulsion of Palestinians • US rebuffed on international court exemption • George is nuts about Saddam's soft centre • Watershed or washout? • Powell, Russia At Deadlock On Visas • Chavez Promises Response On Ruling • Unions back US nuclear staff over racism claim • Americans begin to suffer grim and bloody backlash • Afghanistan is on the brink of another disaster • Explosions rock Chechnya, Georgia plans military exercises • IBM to cut more than 15,000 jobs • US politicians wary but voters hungry for war • Coexistence is easy when `there are no tanks • Pyongyang bars entry to nuclear inspectors • Muslim radicals in Britain issue 'holy war' warning • DNA digs up family roots World News Posted: Tuesday, August 13, 2002 • U.S. Navy Retracts Denial of Arms Shipment to Gulf • Refugee Camp Clash Kills 2, Hurts 7 • Heavy Iran Floods Kill At Least 35 • Iraqi aide rules out further UN inspections • Colombia declares an emergency • Who's minding the store? • The Afghan gap • Bush team still lacks a strong voice on economy • Were twin towers blown up from the inside? • The Answer From Iraq • Mugabe tells Britain 'The game is up' • Leafing through the Bush legacy • EU warns against U.S. peacekeepers immunity • American Airlines cuts another 7,000 jobs • Weapons Searches Rejected By Iraqi > Iraq says work of UN arms inspections over • Western Citizen Oppose U.S. Military Strike Against Iraq • Defense Minister Says Germany "Not Lackey" of U.S. • U.S. Troops Arrive in Jordan for Joint Military Exercises • US considers assassination squads > Troops to become undercover killers in Rumsfeld plan • Afghanistan's Karzai: Relations With Iran "Vitally Important" • 50,000 evacuated from Prague • Mugabe says 'loyal' farmers can keep some land > Robert Mugabe: We will not kowtow on the land issue > > Mugabe refuses to budge on evictions • Beach bomb is found three days after Eta warning • Prague evacuates 50,000 as torrential rains sweep Europe • Race hate 'exposed black workers to radiation at BNFL plant' • Bush risks isolating US, cautions Kissinger > Deposing Saddam could backfire: Kissinger • Israeli Military court approves Militants' Family's Expulsion • Palestinian factions back away from declaration • Ramallah showdown: Rajoub's men vow to fight arrests • 12 dead in Chechnya fighting • Russian forces crossing into territory: Georgia • Moscow Sent Peace Corps Packing • Forum to Show Darker View Of US Economy • Colombia declares state of emergency, 115 killed in a week • 14 Maoists shot dead in Nepal clashes • Amnesty International protests caning of migrants in Malaysia World News Posted: Monday, August 12, 2002 • Psychic and Political Numbing in Preparations for War • Nigerian Women Win Changes From Big Oil • US opposition to Iraq attack grows • Mugabe orders white farmers to leave • BBC's Guide to Zimbabwe's land question • Iraq offers UN new deal • Chavez: Court Pressured On Ruling • Coastal Flooding In Russia Kills 55 • 'It's gone beyond hostility' • The other public service • Nigeria warns Miss World contestants to beware of sharia law • Firefighters turn on tap again • Critics: Bush Hasn't Made Case Yet • Civil Air Patrol Plane Crash Kills 3 • Blair meets French PM to heal rift over Iraq • 'Smart sanctions' will hurt Iraqis, aid agency warns • Let's not follow hysterical environmentalists off the planet • Regrets? I have a few • Schröder ally attacks him for Iraq war stance • Mixed messages on war alarm Downing St • Bush exploiting tragedy, claims Democrat • Revenge killing in Upper Egypt claims 22 clan members • Pollution, disease, and now termites • A man with a gift for making enemies • Regime change • Advice for white-collar criminals: Pack lightly • Steps before war • War talk reveals U.S. hawks as policy amateurs Mugabe orders white farmers to leave Posted: Monday, August 12, 2002 BBC - "All genuine and well-meaning white farmers who wish to pursue a farming career as loyal citizens of this country have land to do so," he said, adding that "no farmer need go without land". Mr Mugabe also attacked former colonial power Britain and Prime Minister Tony Blair, whom he labelled a gangster and said had "gone insane". MORE World News Posted: Sunday, August 11, 2002 • Bush's incompetence: a dangerous diversion • A Jury of Your Peers? Only If You're Clueless • Thai woman commits suicide by jumping into crocodile pool • Six Killed In Okla. Interstate Crash • At al-Qa'ida cemetery, people honour dead • Bush rhetoric is scaring Europe, says Mandelson • Bush forced to play down talk of war • Cheney and Bush keep their distance from Iraqi opposition • National movement to oppose Iraq war • Iraq attack unjustified, says Bush ally • Could the left back an Iraq war? • Kurdish guerrillas poised to fire first shots in war on Iraq • Saddam offers to "admit weapons inspectors" -paper • Afghan drug lords set up heroin labs • Bush falters but who dare oppose him? • The world needs a plan for Iraq • West's greed for oil fuels Saddam fever • Abu Qutada and Osama bin Laden, great disappearing act • US wants new powers to police oceans • IRA accused over Colombia bombings • We cannot let death have dominion • Rumsfeld dreams of unseating Hussein Asian haze poses 'widespread threat' Posted: Sunday, August 11, 2002 BBC - The United Nations says pollution from south-east Asia is changing weather patterns and causing disease across the world. MORE A genetic discovery to change the world Posted: Saturday, August 10, 2002 A revolutionary development in genetics has raised the prospect of curing cancer and treating lethal viral infections using a technique discovered by scientists during a series of pioneering experiments. MORE World News Posted: Saturday, August 10, 2002 • Bush and His Handlers Have Failed to Make a Case for Iraq War • U.S. Brandishes Another Stick Over World Court • Bush Drops Protection on Medical Files • U.S. turning into USSR • Israeli invasion is the reason for all problems • Pakistan: Bhutto Will Face Courts • Israeli, Palestinian Dies In Gunfire • Defiant farmers wait for Mugabe's next move • Afghan Blast Seen Most Likely an Accident • Rumsfeld dreams of unseating Hussein • Iraq wants U.S. Congress reply on visit invitation • Death toll rises to 7 in West Nile virus outbreak • Democracy: The God that Torched Me • Saddam woos Arab friends and enemies • US schools returning to segregation • Afghan blast fuels security fears • Crash Rescuers Recover Eighth Body • Parents charged in paedophile ring • Death toll rises as floods devastate Russia • West Nile Death Toll Hits 7 In Louisiana. • Eta bombs tourist town • Schools of Hatred • Pakistani nurses killed in grenade attack on chapel • America prepares for war with arms build-up in Gulf • In hiring America's new spies, the CIA changes its tactics • Bush releases money to prevent theft of Russian weapons • Bush faulted on Iraq policy by top Republican • 'No' to a Bay of Pigs in the Gulf • Bush loyalists not happy with Iraq attack plan • Most Israelis think Sharon has no plan to end conflict • Sharon out to rally US hawks against Arafat • Explosives that US knew would kill innocents continue to take their toll • Punishment by detail • Fears of an Orwellian government World News Posted: Friday, August 9, 2002 • 25 Die in Explosion in Afghanistan • Blast rocks Afghan office • Four killed in grenade attack near Islamabad • Nurses die in Pakistan attack • Darkness at noon: War drums drown truth • The MBA president • Too much secrecy in war on terrorism • UN inspectors warn off U.S. • Bush's Foreign Policy Wrong • Russia puts pressure on Georgia • Bush shows first signs of doubt over Iraq war • It's Amateur Hour for Administration Hawks • Eight Reasons Why the U.S. Will Attack Saddam This Year • Aborigine rights damaged by mining verdict • Indonesia 'creating heroes' of Muslim militants • Workers take Xerox to court for 'blacks in a noose' discrimination • Torrential Rains Kill In Europe • Israel's Response to Suicide Bombings > Target Entire Families • The war against terrorism is terrorism > The whole thing is just bullsh*t • Hundreds watch as woman dies on pyre • Iraq plans urban warfare to thwart US • US sidesteps leadership question in talks with Palestinian ministers • Israeli 'restraint' still means terror for the Palestinians • Israeli attacks on militants leave families homeless • Iraq war could engulf region, Britain warns US • Gul Agha - the UN's warlord of the year • Unions to challenge Blair on Iraq war • American attack will fail, says defiant Saddam • Turmoil if Arafat goes, US is told • Saving the planet has become a PR stunt for the West • Unlimited powers? • Chinese Mainland, the Second Biggest Holder of US T-Bonds • US Accounts for 46 Percent of Global Arms Sales • Global arms sales feel the pinch • Lull before the next desert storm is not a time for silence • Landslides, Floods Kill 47 in Central-south China • WorldCom fraud doubles to $13 billion • Bush gambles on 'it all working out' in Afghanistan • 10 killed in US military plane crash World News Posted: Thursday, August 8, 2002 • The view from NY: 'Unlimited presidential powers' • Bush tars drug takers with aiding terrorists • Live and Let Die • Practicing Class Warfare • Court reprieve for Zimbabwe farmers • Ex-Executives Say Sham Deal Helped Enron • Mullah Omar re-groups his fighters, prioritize targets • 15 killed in gunfight at Kabul army base • Al-Qaeda blamed for Kabul raid • Families of the Afghan Disappeared Demand Answers • Libya ready to pay for Lockerbie bombing • Tripoli message aimed at Baghdad and Washington • Skepticism About Iraq Intervention Mounts in Europe • Former allies urge Bush to be cautious • Under pressure, Bush softens rhetoric on Iraq • Saudi bans use of its air bases to attack Iraq • Saddam plans major speech as Bush vows to be patient • Ministers attack US war chaos • Saddam diversion spares Bush's blushes • Nearly 3,000 Zimbabwean white farmers face eviction • White farmers told to resist Mugabe • IMF, World Bank Snub Zim On Food Aid • Aug 06: Zimbabwe Model A2 farmers given deadline • Bush tars drug takers with aiding terrorists • Thirteen die in Bogota explosions • Blasts Rock Inauguration Of Colombia's President • Work starts on Korean nuclear plant • US puts its oil interests ahead of human rights World News Posted: Wednesday, August 7, 2002 • Lies, Damned Lies, and White House Lies • AOL Time Warner hit with another shareholder suit • 12 Die, 28 Hurt In Colombia Blasts • Gunmen Attack Afghan Army Post • The Middle East burns • 15 Die As Afghan Army Base Attacked • Jordan shuts down Qatari-Jazeera TV office • Hecklers surprise Cheney during San Francisco appearance • Europeans win Libyan oil deal • The Truth About September 11 • White House unable to see beyond toppling Saddam • US defies a judge on detainee data • Police State vs. Posse Comitatus • Bush's Cuban conflict • From Paranoia to Arrogance: US New Nuclear Policy • Op-ed: Invade who you like, when you like • Facts are the best cure for this war fever • Saudi Arabia Won't Allow U.S. Troops • US disavows depiction of Saudis as enemies • Detailed war plan handed to Bush • Pakistani militants blamed for killing of nine Hindu pilgrims • I would have done the same • Facts are the best cure for this outbreak of war fever • Terror in China • Trio blow themselves up after school raid • Allies move towards air assault as disquiet over Iraq grows • Israeli gunship kills two Palestinian militants • Citizenship new weapon in war against suicide bombers • For the forgotten Afghans, the UN offers a fresh hell • Let the UN test Saddam's intentions before sending in the bombers • An alternative strategy for handling Saddam • Conflict could soon be nuclear • UN demands Israeli withdrawal • Woman sacked for revealing UN links with sex trade • US revises plans as Saudi Arabia courts Iraq • Saudi Arabia is now 'kernel of evil' World News Posted: Tuesday, August 6, 2002 • German leader says no to Iraq war • The biggest talking shop in history or a mass gathering to save the world? • Vatican casts out 'ordained' women • War games • Israeli peace protesters may face treason charge • Oil price formula calls for critical maths • Oil is the key to peace in Sudan • Six shot dead in attack on Pakistani mission school • The logic of empire • UN chief warns against Iraq war • Sceptics unite over US action against Iraq • How Nato views the Euro Army • The return to Afghanistan: Collateral damage • World watches anxiously as Brazilian economy totters • U.S. lawmakers invited to Iraq for arms search • Afghan feud raises fear of new civil war World News Posted: Monday, August 5, 2002 • UN to discuss Iraq inspection offer • U.S. Jets Attack Target in Southern Iraq ¥ US bombs away while speaking about the coming War • Rockets Fired at US Base in Afghanistan • Israel hits Gaza as PM meets with defense officials • Oman rejects US plan to strike Iraq • Iraq and the US: Who’s Menacing Whom? • One nation, divisible by spies • Iraq and the New Great Game • Israel bans Palestinian travel • Commander and 10 Mujahideen died in Southern Ichkeria • Did Enron bribed foreign gov't officials? • Bush held up plan to hit Bin Laden • Israel shaken by day of violence • Anthrax leads leave FBI baffled • 18 Die In Mideast Violence • Israelis dynamite nine Palestinian homes • Bolivian congress elects millionaire president • Car bomb in Spanish resort kills girl, 8 • Let Latin America find its own path • Warning signs • Images that mock reality • War with Iraq likely, says senior Democrat • Bush oils war machine amid cries of caution • The search for peace in the Middle East should be America's first priority • Double warning against Iraq war • Dangers of an attack on Iraq • U.S. to give Israel prior notice of any attack on Iraq • Montenegrin journalists battle tough media laws • Musharraf doesn't think Osama behind WTC bombing • Schröder stakes poll chances on Iraq peace vote World News Posted: Sunday, August 4, 2002 • Nine killed, 45 hurt in bus explosion near Safed • 2 killed, 14 hurt in shooting attack in Jerusalem • Hundreds march to protest US actions south of Kabul • Khosian Woman Prepared For Burial • 7 hurt, 2 seriously, in attacks near Ramallah and Tul Karm • Muslim Americans Feel They Are Targets in War on Terror • UK Church leaders warn Blair on Iraq • Sharon coalition rocked as Levy quits • US guns for ‘regime change’ in Baghdad • Ready for war? • Guerrillas hold Colombia to ransom • Face-to-face with Milosevic across a war crimes tribunal • Something very fishy going on deep in the valleys of Brussels • Split opens between UK and US, Bush ready to declare war • We must have answers before a war on Iraq • Colin Powell joins call for 'regime change' in Iraq • Saddam's offer can be turned to our advantage • Bush ready to declare war • Indonesia's war that won't go away • Lightning Kills Two In Northeast • U.s. To Patrol Colombian Skies • 'Failures' hampered 11 Sept rescue effort • Iraq chose Saddam for good reason. The West needs a history lesson • IDF soldiers kill Hebron resident who broke curfew • Bush rejects Blair call for Middle East deal before Iraq attack • Earthquake rattles eastern Japan • 20 drown as van plunges into canal • Four Indian soldiers killed in battles along LOC • 110 die of epidemic in flood-hit Assam • Six dead in Colombian helicopter crash For Empire, read exploitation Posted: Sunday, August 4, 2002 Forty years after independence, the malign influence of colonial rule still pervades Jamaica by Robert Beckford, The Observer Like many people, I've spent the last week watching the Commonwealth Games. Manchester has done the nation proud in its organisation and support of the proceedings. I'd be the first in line to commend everyone involved in making the event a major success. The games demonstrate the strength of the links that still exist across disparate nations and cultures. But spectacular as they were, the presentation of 'the Commonwealth' is complicit with a politics of colonial amnesia. MORE World News Posted: Saturday, August 3, 2002 • Britain and US dismiss Iraqi offer • Afghans Protest U.S. Operation • Police Charge 7 In Van Crash Beating • The long term strategy of Israel and how it affects the U.S. • Violent protest, scuffles with police greet Powell • US stockpiles oil to avoid price shock • Israeli troops storm Nablus • Judge orders naming of September 11 detainees • Friendly fire deaths linked to US pilots 'on speed' • India announces elections in its part of disputed Kashmir • Two SAS soldiers die in Oman • Abdullah, the king on a mission to prevent war • Army of slaves can never win • As companies fail, Bush pulls out handcuffs • U.S. jobless data send markets falling • 50 killed as warlord, governor do battle • Australia mulls role, sees US strikes on Iraq • Myanmar photos reveal massacre • US soldier accused of assaulting Afghan prisoner • The Rush to War • Gunmen attack police station in Haiti, free 159 prisoners World News Posted: Friday, August 2, 2002 • Scientists discover 'crime gene' • Israeli Tanks, Troops Enter Nablus • 'Stunned' US tells Putin its nuclear fear of Iran • Iraq Asks U.N. Inspector For Meeting • Bush, Jordan King Disagree On Iraq • Blair told me Iraq attack is bad idea, says King Abdullah • UN issues 'seriously flawed' report on Jenin killings • Police Clash With Chavez Supporters • A callous world allowed this to happen: Tutsi bones speak for Rwanda • Scientists find the world has been getting fatter • Yet more oil questions for Bush and Cheney • Billboard Collapse Kills 3 In Ga. • 'Helicopter attack' killed Afghan civilian • Post-Saddam Iraq will cost you, US warned • Four Die In Pa. Small Plane Crash • Iraqi air force 'ready for US' • Dogs may be more intelligent than people think • America cannot and should not hold prisoners indefinitely • Four Palestinians killed in series of Israeli operations • Japanese slimmers pay high price for obsession • Bodies washed up on Spanish beach • Indonesia 'can handle terrorism alone' • 'Soft power' can win the battle for hearts and minds • Another FBI Agent Blows the Whistle • US gloom sends share prices tumbling • Blair 'opposes plan to invade Iraq' NGOs pursue agenda of Western governments Posted: Friday, August 2, 2002 By Wanjiku Ngugi A few years after the attainment of independence in most African states, it soon became clear to the majority of the people that the neo-liberal policies advanced by the ruling class were in complete contradiction with what they had struggled for during colonialism. For instance, the land question, which had been the driving force for most of these struggles, remained unresolved. The non-reversal of the ownership of the means of production meant that the people’s economic status did not change even after independence. The people, therefore, felt provoked by these policies. In Kenya for instance, people started regrouping in order to challenge what they perceived as continuation of colonial injustices. The government, not happy with the new developments, responded by placing most people in jails, detention and putting them through other daunting experiences. Around this time, a few Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) started sprouting all over the developing nations purporting to back weak government policies in order to enhance them. They also portrayed themselves as advocates of the poor and marginalised, and denounced human rights violations and dictatorships, largely supported by Europe, the United States and international NGOs. This created a rather favourable image of NGOs, which explains today’s confusion regarding their political nature, because then, they had successfully manifested themselves as advocates of the underprivileged. These international NGOs went further to complement their new-found role by establishing strong links with liberal national NGOs in various countries. What is interesting is that even in their denouncement of human rights violations, these NGOs never explained to the people they supported the relationship between their government policy and Western states. Indeed, they refused to recognise the historical context of the issues they criticised and supported. Of course, by virtue of their being funded by their imperial governments, it was naive of us to think that they would have pursued our genuine struggles. Having noted their limitations and hideous intentions, we are able to see that these NGOs could not therefore halt or manage the increasing dissatisfaction among the people who still wanted land and socio-economic issues resolved. Today, these issues are still at the centre and as pressure from the people mounts, so do NGOs increase. Zimbabwe is a case in point. As Zanu-PF, war veterans, Government as well as the citizens demanded correction of past injustices, so did the NGOs multiply. These NGOs can be linked to imperialism as they openly pursue the agenda of the former colonial masters under the guise of the people’s struggle. What then is the relationship between radical social solutions and the so-called NGOs? It is important to note that most international NGOs, despite their claim to be non-governmental organisations, are in fact aligned to their governments. After all, their funding is from Western governments. As we all know, all governments have local and foreign policies and they will not give money to any NGO or social movements or organisations that seek to promote policies or issues that are in direct contradiction with their foreign policy. We, on the other hand, have allowed these liberal funds to penetrate our countries without much checking and created avenues through which those in direct conflict with us have room to interfere with policies in our society. We need to ask questions like who is funding these NGOs? What are they preaching? What are their short-term and long-term objectives? In other words, people must question NGOs in much the same way they question motives of say political parties or donor agencies. We must have a politically conscious approach to NGOs. In most cases, international and local NGOs are entities that will rarely, if ever, align themselves with a genuine class struggle or with the struggle to control the means of production. In most instances and very recently in Zimbabwe, the NGOs subvert issues like the land policy by creating and fabricating issues to sway the people’s focus. Instead of supporting the poor as they claim, they instead undermine issues of national importance meant to subvert the hand of imperialism. It is rather sad that these NGOs have managed through monetary means to lure activists whose once revolutionary zeal has since been tamed. These organisations, packaged as "people based" or "participatory" are, in fact, meant to and do replace radical ideas. They will not get involved or align themselves to issues such as education, overhaul of IMF policies, and will not campaign against structural adjustment policies whose outcome every African is aware of. They, instead, tackle issues from very simplistic and superficial angles. For instance, they will not take up real issues affecting the population. A case in point is the women’s struggle (a favourite of NGOs). They only embark on sectors of women’s concerns, usually by setting up self-help projects, or approach women’s concerns only at a cultural level, which at the end of the day leads to misunderstanding of women and their real concerns. In order to empower women one has to empower them not only culturally but also economically and politically. The women’s struggle has to be seen in whole, as a struggle against sexism, imperialism, neo-colonialism, and located within a class struggle. An NGO purporting to advance women’s rights has to situate women within a global framework and fight the continued monopoly and dominance of countries over others. The agrarian revolution taking place right here in Zimbabwe is an area that NGOs, if genuine about change in women’s social status, should have embarked on. There is also the problem of dependency being created by these NGOs. They do not teach people how to fish so that tomorrow they can be able to fish for themselves but provide fish so that people are continuously dependent on them. By the nature of their structures, they cannot provide long-term services to communities. We have witnessed NGOs claiming to support local initiatives but withdraw development assistance in the middle of programmes, leaving the people they sought to help in dire straits. Usually it is not a problem with the way the project is being carried out but rather a shift in funding priorities. The beneficiaries and their projects are usually dumped after scanty evaluations meant to justify and arrive at already drawn conclusions. In other words, NGOs are less accountable to the poor people but rather to their governments, the source of their funds. In most instances these projects are set up in such a way that a pullout of funds results in collapse. One wonders why international NGOs would rather spend billions on self-help projects rather than spending the same on building institutions which would in turn be self-sufficient. In countries such as Kenya and Uganda where NGOs enjoy a rather enthusiastic haven, one notes that the radical social movements have decreased as the conservative NGOs have increased. Their training programmes and workshops have depoliticised people and turned their once genuine concerns into self-help projects and "killed" movements that would have had a larger and more direct bearing on people’s predicaments. As pointed out earlier, these NGOs have cast themselves as alternatives to radical change. They have adopted the language of genuine revolutionary movements and ideas and reduced them to a marginal level. By failing to paint the larger picture, these organisations have failed nation states and their citizens who are struggling to fight imperialism. We really ought to re-assess this NGO dependency syndrome and continue to raise radical consciousness and find real solutions. Reproduced from: http://www.herald.co.zw/index.php?id=12791&pubdate=2002-08-02 World News Posted: Thursday, August 1, 2002 • 2 Kidnapped Calif. Girls Found Safe, kidnapper killed • At least 41 civilians killed around Burundi's capital 02 • Afghans say U.S. attacked village • U.S. report confirms Saudi-Pakistan nuke contacts • Annan says 52 Palestinians killed in Jenin • U.N. chief says Iraq attack "unwise" • US Scepticism over Iraq attack plans • Top Bush Officials Criticize Generals' Conventional Views • Israel Renews Home Destruction Policy • Hamas Leader Says Americans Not a Target • Five Americans Killed in Jerusalem Bombing • Two WorldCom executives arrested • Gunman Kidnaps 2 Girls In S. Calif. • Billboard Collapse Kills 1 In U.S. • A Palestinian state is the only road to peace • Bush 'furious' over U.S. deaths; Israeli found dead near Tul Karm • Bombing At Hebrew University Kills 7 • Ukraine Mine Blast Kills At Least 19 • Powell in contact with 'axis of evil' • Turkey deals a blow to action against Saddam • Terror suspects 'have no right to US trial' • Bosnian warlord guilty • Iran puts troops on alert • Bush on the skids? Its all a load of baloney • Russian held over Games 'fix' • Don't rush into Iraq war, Senate urges Bush • US owns up to slowdown • US justice department to investigate AOL • Blair is jumping the gun in backing Bush's war on logic • Right ruling, wrong reason • 39 Russian soldiers killed in Chechnya clashes • The Submarine Mafia • Uruguay closes banks as fallout from Argentina crisis spreads • Gruesome wartime experiments revealed J-Student: Venez Media Unethical Posted: Thursday, August 1, 2002 VHeadline.com Education Minister Aristobulo Isturiz’ daughter Rosarys has written an open letter to El Nuevo Pais director Patricia Poleo and Globovision TV talk show presenter Jose Domingo Blanco chiding them for spreading "the news" that her father had purchased a $750,000 luxury yacht. Rosalys Isturiz quotes none other than Colombian author and Nobel Prize winner Gabriel Garcia Marquez in an item he wrote in 1995 questioning the ethics of journalism in the electronic age ... especially the “vicious use of quotation marks” to cover up false statements and anonymous sources, such “top government official” or “observers.” MORE PDVSA privatization priority for coup conspirators Posted: Thursday, August 1, 2002 VHeadline.com The privatization of Petroleos de Venezuela (PDVSA) was a top priority for April 11 coup d'etat conspirators. According to some analysts, the Bush II Clan and Spain’s Repsol oil co would have been the main beneficiaries and PDVSA’s US subsidiary Citgo would have gone to media mogul Gustavo Cisneros and US partners. It adds up, analysts say, if one takes into account the prosecution attempt by the opposition against President Hugo Chavez for the selling cheap oil to Cuba, the importance of Venezuelan oil to the USA and the role of PDVSA executives in creating a conflict that snowballed into a massive march on Miraflores that ended in disaster. MORE |
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